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1 главный балласт
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2 главный балласт
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь Масловского > главный балласт
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3 сопротивление
( среды) drag, impedance, impact resistance, resistance* * *сопротивле́ние с.1. ( свойство) resistance; oppositionока́зывать сопротивле́ние — offer resistance [opposition] to …2. ( резистор) resistorакти́вное сопротивле́ние эл. — resistanceакусти́ческое сопротивле́ние — acoustic resistanceаэродинами́ческое сопротивле́ние — aerodynamic [air] drag, air resistance, resistance to air-flowбалансиро́вочное сопротивле́ние аргд. — trim dragбалла́стное сопротивле́ние1. ballast resistance2. ballast resistorблокиро́вочное сопротивле́ние рад.-эл. — by-pass resistorбрызгово́е сопротивле́ние — spray resistance, spray dragсопротивле́ние ве́нтильного про́вода ( криотрона) — gate resistanceвихрево́е сопротивле́ние аргд. — vortex drag, vortex resistanceсопротивле́ние возде́йствию хими́ческих реаге́нтов — resistance to attack by chemicalsсопротивле́ние во́здуха аргд. — air drag, air resistance, resistance to airflowволново́е сопротивле́ние1. мех. wave resistance, wave drag2. эл., свз. characteristic [wave] impedance3. аргд. shockwave dragвре́менное сопротивле́ние сопр. — ultimate strengthвходно́е сопротивле́ние — input resistanceсопротивле́ние в цепи́ возбужде́ния — field resistanceсопротивле́ние в цепи́ като́да1. cathode resistance2. cathode resistorсопротивле́ние в цепи́ се́тки1. grid resistance2. grid resistorсопротивле́ние вы́пуска двс. — exhaust resistance, back pressure of exhaustвыходно́е сопротивле́ние — output resistanceвя́зко(стно)е сопротивле́ние — viscous resistance, viscous dragгася́щее сопротивле́ние эл.1. damping resistance2. (voltage) dropping resistorгидравли́ческое сопротивле́ние тепл. — pressure [friction] lossгидродинами́ческое сопротивле́ние — hydrodynamic resistance, hydrodynamic dragсопротивле́ние го́лого ко́рпуса мор. — bare-hull [naked-hull] resistanceсопротивле́ние давле́ния — pressure resistance, pressure dragсопротивле́ние движе́нию — tractive resistanceдинами́ческое сопротивле́ние ( магнитоуправляемого контакта) — dynamic contact resistanceсопротивле́ние дио́дного дете́ктора вну́треннее ( переменному току — сигналу) — diode conduction [diode slope] resistanceдифференциа́льное сопротивле́ние — incremental resistanceдоба́вочное сопротивле́ние ( измерительного прибора)1. series [multiplier] resistance2. series resistorё́мкостное сопротивле́ние — capacitive reactance, capacitive impedanceсопротивле́ние заземле́ния — earthing resistanceзаря́дное сопротивле́ние — charging resistorсопротивле́ние затво́ра ( полевого транзистора) — gate resistanceсопротивле́ние изги́бу — bending strength, resistance to bendingизмери́тельное сопротивле́ние — instrument resistorсопротивле́ние изно́су — resistance to wearсопротивле́ние изоля́ции — insulation resistanceи́мпульсное сопротивле́ние мор. — momentum resistance, momentum dragиндукти́вное сопротивле́ние1. эл. ( полное) inductive impedance; ( реактивное) inductive reactance2. аргд. drag due to [from] lift, induced [lift] dragиндукти́вное сопротивле́ние рассе́яния эл. — leakage inductive reactanceсопротивле́ние истира́нию — attrition [scuff, abrasion] resistanceсопротивле́ние исто́ка ( полевого транзистора) — source resistanceсопротивле́ние кана́ла ( полевого транзистора) — channel resistanceсопротивле́ние колле́ктора ( транзистора) — collector resistanceко́мплексное сопротивле́ние — complex impedance, (vector) impedanceконта́ктное сопротивле́ние — contact resistanceсопротивле́ние коро́ткого замыка́ния — short-circuit impedanceсопротивле́ние корро́зии — corrosion resistance, resistance to corrosionсопротивле́ние котлоагрега́та, аэродинами́ческое — draught lossсопротивле́ние котлоагрега́та, га́зовое — draught lossсопротивле́ние котлоагрега́та, про́фильное — profile drag, profile lossсопротивле́ние ла́мпы переме́нному то́ку, вну́треннее — брит. anode slope resistance; амер. dynamic plate resistanceсопротивле́ние ла́мпы постоя́нному то́ку, вну́треннее — (internal) d.c. resistanceсопротивле́ние круче́нию — torsional rigidity, torsional strengthлобово́е сопротивле́ние аргд. — drag, head [frontal] resistanceмагни́тное сопротивле́ние — reluctance, magnetic resistanceмагни́тное, уде́льное сопротивле́ние — specific reluctance, reluctivityсопротивле́ние материа́лов — strength of materialsсопротивле́ние на высо́ких часто́тах — high-frequency resistanceсопротивле́ние нагру́зки — load impedanceнагру́зочное сопротивле́ние — load resistorсопротивле́ние насыще́ния — saturation resistanceнача́льное сопротивле́ние ( тензорезистора) — initial gauge resistanceобра́тное сопротивле́ние — back resistanceобъё́мное сопротивле́ние — cubic [volume] resistanceоми́ческое сопротивле́ние — ohmic [d.c.] resistanceоста́точное сопротивле́ние мор. — residuary resistance, residuary dragотрица́тельное сопротивле́ние — negative resistanceотса́сывающее сопротивле́ние — bleeder resistorсопротивле́ние отсла́иванию — resistance to peeling, resistance to separationпаралле́льное сопротивле́ние — shunt resistanceпереме́нное сопротивле́ние — variable resistanceсопротивле́ние переме́нному то́ку — alternating current [a.c.] resistanceсопротивле́ние перехо́да полупр. — junction resistanceперехо́дное сопротивле́ние — contact resistanceсопротивле́ние пове́рхностного тре́ния — skin (friction) resistanceпове́рхностное сопротивле́ние — surface resistanceсопротивле́ние ползу́чести — creep resistanceпо́лное сопротивле́ние1. эл. impedanceпо́лное сопротивле́ние це́пи име́ет ё́мкостный хара́ктер — the circuit exhibits a capacitive impedance; the impedance of the circuit is capacitive in its effectсогласо́вывать по́лное сопротивле́ние — match impedance2. мор. total resistance, total dragпо́лное, вноси́мое сопротивле́ние (эффект активной нагрузки на сопротивление первичной цепи трансформатора, связанных контуров) — брит. coupled impedance; амер. reflected impedanceпо́лное сопротивле́ние в опера́торной фо́рме — operational impedanceпо́лное, входно́е сопротивле́ние — input impedance; ( в измерительных приборах) input impedance, input RCпо́лное, выходно́е сопротивле́ние — output impedanceпо́лное сопротивле́ние на входны́х зажи́мах ( четырёхполюсника) — driving-point impedanceпо́лное, переда́точное сопротивле́ние ( четырёхполюсника) — transfer impedanceпо́лное, переда́точное обра́тное сопротивле́ние — reverse transfer impedanceпо́лное, переда́точное прямо́е сопротивле́ние — forward transfer impedanceпо́лное, согласо́ванное сопротивле́ние — matched impedanceпо́лное сопротивле́ние холосто́го хо́да ( в теории цепей) — open-circuit impedanceпостоя́нное сопротивле́ние1. fixed resistance2. fixed resistorсопротивле́ние постоя́нному то́ку — direct-current [d.c.] resistanceсопротивле́ние по́чвы — soil reactionсопротивле́ние, приведё́нное (к перви́чной це́пи) — ( активное) resistance referred to (the primary side); ( полное) impedance referred to (the primary side)про́волочное сопротивле́ние — wire-wound resistorсопротивле́ние продо́льному изги́бу — resistance to lateral bending, buckling resistanceпусково́е сопротивле́ние — starting resistorразвя́зывающее сопротивле́ние свз. — decoupling resistorсопротивле́ние разда́вливанию сопр. — crushing strengthсопротивле́ние разры́ву — rupture [breaking] strengthразря́дное сопротивле́ние1. discharge resistance2. discharging resistorраспределё́нное сопротивле́ние — distributed resistanceсопротивле́ние растяже́нию — tensile strengthреакти́вное сопротивле́ние — reactance, reactive impedanceрегулиро́вочное сопротивле́ние — adjusting resistanceрегули́руемое сопротивле́ние — adjustable resistorрезона́нсное сопротивле́ние ( пьезоэлектрического резонатора) — resonance resistanceсопротивле́ние светово́му старе́нию — light-ageing resistanceсопротивле́ние свя́зи — coupling impedanceсопротивле́ние сдви́гу — shear(ing) strengthсопротивле́ние сдви́гу армату́ры в бето́не — bond resistanceсопротивле́ние се́тки, антипарази́тное радио — grid suppressorсе́точное сопротивле́ние — grid resistorсопротивле́ние сжа́тию — compressive [compression] strength, resistance to compressionсопротивле́ние ска́лыванию — cleavage strengthсопротивле́ние скольже́нию — slip resistanceсло́жное сопротивле́ние сопр. — resistance to combined stressсопротивле́ние смеще́ния рад.-эл. — bias resistorсосредото́ченное сопротивле́ние — lumped resistanceсоставно́е сопротивле́ние — composite resistorсопротивле́ние сре́зу — shear(ing) strengthсопротивле́ние сре́зу, вре́менное — ultimate shear(ing) strengthсопротивле́ние сто́ка ( полевого транзистора) — drain resistanceсопротивле́ние те́ла аргд. — body dragтемново́е сопротивле́ние — dark resistanceтемперату́рно-зави́симое сопротивле́ние — temperature-dependent resistorтеплово́е сопротивле́ние — thermal [heat] resistanceтерми́ческое сопротивле́ние — thermal [heat] resistanceтермометри́ческое сопротивле́ние — thermometer resistorсопротивле́ние тре́нию — friction resistanceтя́говое сопротивле́ние — draught resistanceсопротивле́ние уда́ру — impact resistance, shock strengthуде́льное сопротивле́ние — resistivity, specific resistanceуде́льное, объё́мное сопротивле́ние — volume resistivityуде́льное, пове́рхностное сопротивле́ние — surface resistivityуправля́емое цифрово́е сопротивле́ние — gated resistance networkсопротивле́ние уста́лости — fatigue resistance, endurance strengthустано́вочное сопротивле́ние ( в компенсаторах) эл. — standardizing resistorсопротивле́ние уте́чки1. leak(age) resistance2. bleeder (resistor)сопротивле́ние фо́рмы мор. — form resistance, form dragхарактеристи́ческое сопротивле́ние — characteristic impedanceсопротивле́ние шерохова́тости мор. — roughness resistance, roughness dragшунти́рующее сопротивле́ние ( линейного потенциометра) — padding resistorэквивале́нтное сопротивле́ние — equivalent resistanceэквивале́нтное, шумово́е сопротивле́ние — equivalent noise resistanceэлектри́ческое сопротивле́ние — electric(al) resistanceэтало́нное сопротивле́ние — standard resistance -
4 Stephenson, George
[br]b. 9 June 1781 Wylam, Northumberland, Englandd. 12 August 1848 Tapton House, Chesterfield, England[br]English engineer, "the father of railways".[br]George Stephenson was the son of the fireman of the pumping engine at Wylam colliery, and horses drew wagons of coal along the wooden rails of the Wylam wagonway past the house in which he was born and spent his earliest childhood. While still a child he worked as a cowherd, but soon moved to working at coal pits. At 17 years of age he showed sufficient mechanical talent to be placed in charge of a new pumping engine, and had already achieved a job more responsible than that of his father. Despite his position he was still illiterate, although he subsequently learned to read and write. He was largely self-educated.In 1801 he was appointed Brakesman of the winding engine at Black Callerton pit, with responsibility for lowering the miners safely to their work. Then, about two years later, he became Brakesman of a new winding engine erected by Robert Hawthorn at Willington Quay on the Tyne. Returning collier brigs discharged ballast into wagons and the engine drew the wagons up an inclined plane to the top of "Ballast Hill" for their contents to be tipped; this was one of the earliest applications of steam power to transport, other than experimentally.In 1804 Stephenson moved to West Moor pit, Killingworth, again as Brakesman. In 1811 he demonstrated his mechanical skill by successfully modifying a new and unsatisfactory atmospheric engine, a task that had defeated the efforts of others, to enable it to pump a drowned pit clear of water. The following year he was appointed Enginewright at Killingworth, in charge of the machinery in all the collieries of the "Grand Allies", the prominent coal-owning families of Wortley, Liddell and Bowes, with authorization also to work for others. He built many stationary engines and he closely examined locomotives of John Blenkinsop's type on the Kenton \& Coxlodge wagonway, as well as those of William Hedley at Wylam.It was in 1813 that Sir Thomas Liddell requested George Stephenson to build a steam locomotive for the Killingworth wagonway: Blucher made its first trial run on 25 July 1814 and was based on Blenkinsop's locomotives, although it lacked their rack-and-pinion drive. George Stephenson is credited with building the first locomotive both to run on edge rails and be driven by adhesion, an arrangement that has been the conventional one ever since. Yet Blucher was far from perfect and over the next few years, while other engineers ignored the steam locomotive, Stephenson built a succession of them, each an improvement on the last.During this period many lives were lost in coalmines from explosions of gas ignited by miners' lamps. By observation and experiment (sometimes at great personal risk) Stephenson invented a satisfactory safety lamp, working independently of the noted scientist Sir Humphry Davy who also invented such a lamp around the same time.In 1817 George Stephenson designed his first locomotive for an outside customer, the Kilmarnock \& Troon Railway, and in 1819 he laid out the Hetton Colliery Railway in County Durham, for which his brother Robert was Resident Engineer. This was the first railway to be worked entirely without animal traction: it used inclined planes with stationary engines, self-acting inclined planes powered by gravity, and locomotives.On 19 April 1821 Stephenson was introduced to Edward Pease, one of the main promoters of the Stockton \& Darlington Railway (S \& DR), which by coincidence received its Act of Parliament the same day. George Stephenson carried out a further survey, to improve the proposed line, and in this he was assisted by his 18-year-old son, Robert Stephenson, whom he had ensured received the theoretical education which he himself lacked. It is doubtful whether either could have succeeded without the other; together they were to make the steam railway practicable.At George Stephenson's instance, much of the S \& DR was laid with wrought-iron rails recently developed by John Birkinshaw at Bedlington Ironworks, Morpeth. These were longer than cast-iron rails and were not brittle: they made a track well suited for locomotives. In June 1823 George and Robert Stephenson, with other partners, founded a firm in Newcastle upon Tyne to build locomotives and rolling stock and to do general engineering work: after its Managing Partner, the firm was called Robert Stephenson \& Co.In 1824 the promoters of the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway (L \& MR) invited George Stephenson to resurvey their proposed line in order to reduce opposition to it. William James, a wealthy land agent who had become a visionary protagonist of a national railway network and had seen Stephenson's locomotives at Killingworth, had promoted the L \& MR with some merchants of Liverpool and had carried out the first survey; however, he overreached himself in business and, shortly after the invitation to Stephenson, became bankrupt. In his own survey, however, George Stephenson lacked the assistance of his son Robert, who had left for South America, and he delegated much of the detailed work to incompetent assistants. During a devastating Parliamentary examination in the spring of 1825, much of his survey was shown to be seriously inaccurate and the L \& MR's application for an Act of Parliament was refused. The railway's promoters discharged Stephenson and had their line surveyed yet again, by C.B. Vignoles.The Stockton \& Darlington Railway was, however, triumphantly opened in the presence of vast crowds in September 1825, with Stephenson himself driving the locomotive Locomotion, which had been built at Robert Stephenson \& Co.'s Newcastle works. Once the railway was at work, horse-drawn and gravity-powered traffic shared the line with locomotives: in 1828 Stephenson invented the horse dandy, a wagon at the back of a train in which a horse could travel over the gravity-operated stretches, instead of trotting behind.Meanwhile, in May 1826, the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway had successfully obtained its Act of Parliament. Stephenson was appointed Engineer in June, and since he and Vignoles proved incompatible the latter left early in 1827. The railway was built by Stephenson and his staff, using direct labour. A considerable controversy arose c. 1828 over the motive power to be used: the traffic anticipated was too great for horses, but the performance of the reciprocal system of cable haulage developed by Benjamin Thompson appeared in many respects superior to that of contemporary locomotives. The company instituted a prize competition for a better locomotive and the Rainhill Trials were held in October 1829.Robert Stephenson had been working on improved locomotive designs since his return from America in 1827, but it was the L \& MR's Treasurer, Henry Booth, who suggested the multi-tubular boiler to George Stephenson. This was incorporated into a locomotive built by Robert Stephenson for the trials: Rocket was entered by the three men in partnership. The other principal entrants were Novelty, entered by John Braithwaite and John Ericsson, and Sans Pareil, entered by Timothy Hackworth, but only Rocket, driven by George Stephenson, met all the organizers' demands; indeed, it far surpassed them and demonstrated the practicability of the long-distance steam railway. With the opening of the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway in 1830, the age of railways began.Stephenson was active in many aspects. He advised on the construction of the Belgian State Railway, of which the Brussels-Malines section, opened in 1835, was the first all-steam railway on the European continent. In England, proposals to link the L \& MR with the Midlands had culminated in an Act of Parliament for the Grand Junction Railway in 1833: this was to run from Warrington, which was already linked to the L \& MR, to Birmingham. George Stephenson had been in charge of the surveys, and for the railway's construction he and J.U. Rastrick were initially Principal Engineers, with Stephenson's former pupil Joseph Locke under them; by 1835 both Stephenson and Rastrick had withdrawn and Locke was Engineer-in-Chief. Stephenson remained much in demand elsewhere: he was particularly associated with the construction of the North Midland Railway (Derby to Leeds) and related lines. He was active in many other places and carried out, for instance, preliminary surveys for the Chester \& Holyhead and Newcastle \& Berwick Railways, which were important links in the lines of communication between London and, respectively, Dublin and Edinburgh.He eventually retired to Tapton House, Chesterfield, overlooking the North Midland. A man who was self-made (with great success) against colossal odds, he was ever reluctant, regrettably, to give others their due credit, although in retirement, immensely wealthy and full of honour, he was still able to mingle with people of all ranks.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsPresident, Institution of Mechanical Engineers, on its formation in 1847. Order of Leopold (Belgium) 1835. Stephenson refused both a knighthood and Fellowship of the Royal Society.Bibliography1815, jointly with Ralph Dodd, British patent no. 3,887 (locomotive drive by connecting rods directly to the wheels).1817, jointly with William Losh, British patent no. 4,067 (steam springs for locomotives, and improvements to track).Further ReadingL.T.C.Rolt, 1960, George and Robert Stephenson, Longman (the best modern biography; includes a bibliography).S.Smiles, 1874, The Lives of George and Robert Stephenson, rev. edn, London (although sycophantic, this is probably the best nineteenthcentury biography).PJGR -
5 ударная штанга
1) Geology: drilling jar2) Engineering: drill stein, drill stem (в ударном бурении), sinker bar (в канатном бурении)3) Railway term: auger stem (бура)4) Mining: ballast-rod, drill stem (для канатно-ударного бурения), drilling jars, drilling stem (для канатно-ударного бурения), driving monkey, sinker bar (буровая)5) Oil: DS (drill stem), auger stem (при ударно-канатном бурении), boring bar, drill stem (в ударно-канатном бурении), drill stem (в ударно-канатном бурении), drilling stem, drillstem, sinker bar (в ударно-канатном бурении), stem (при канатном бурении), bore rod, boring rod, drill-stem, sinker bars6) Gold mining: percussion bar7) oil&gas: percussion rod -
6 вагон
car, ( подвесной дороги) tram, van англ.* * *ваго́н м. ( железнодорожный)
брит. van; амер. carв ваго́не «гори́т» бу́кса — the car is developing a hot boxиспо́льзовать ваго́н с непо́лной загру́зкой — use [operate] a car on a less-than-carload basisиспо́льзовать ваго́н с по́лной загру́зкой — use [operate] a car on a full-carload basisопроки́дывать ваго́н — tip [tipple] a carоши́бочно засыла́ть ваго́н — divert a carпополня́ть запа́сы воды́ в ваго́не — re-water the carпополня́ть запа́сы льда в ваго́не — re-ice the carразгружа́ть ваго́н опроки́дыванием — dump a carсортирова́ть ваго́ны — marshal [assemble] carsбага́жный ваго́н — брит. luggage van; амер. baggage carбалла́стный ваго́н — ballast carгорноспаса́тельный ваго́н — mine-rescue carгрузово́й ваго́н — брит. goods van, амер. freight carгрузово́й, кры́тый ваго́н — boxcarдинамометри́ческий ваго́н — dynamometer carваго́н для сбо́ра колошнико́вой пы́ли метал. — flue dust carизмери́тельный ваго́н — track-testing carизотерми́ческий ваго́н — refrigerator carмонта́жный ваго́н — installation carмото́рный ваго́н ( электропоезда) — (electric) motor coachпассажи́рский ваго́н — брит. coach; амер. passenger carпассажи́рский, купе́йный ваго́н — брит. sleeping carriage; амер. sleeping (berth) carпассажи́рский, некупе́йный ваго́н — брит. (railway) passenger coach; амер. (railroad) passenger carпассажи́рский, плацка́ртный ваго́н — брит. (railway) passenger coach with reserved seats; амер. (railroad) passenger car with reserved seatsпочто́вый ваго́н — брит. mail [parcel, postal] van; амер. mail carприцепно́й ваго́н — trailer carприцепно́й ваго́н с посто́м управле́ния — driving trailer carваго́н прямо́го сообще́ния — through carriageсаморазгружа́ющийся ваго́н — tipping [self-clearing] carсанита́рный ваго́н — hospital carваго́н с опроки́дывающимся дном — hopper carваго́н с опроки́дывающимся ку́зовом — dump-type truckваго́н с откидны́м дном — bottom dump carспа́льный ваго́н — sleeping carтова́рный ваго́н — брит. goods van; амер. freight carтормозно́й ваго́н — brake car* * * -
7 вагон
м. брит. амер. van; carбагажный вагон — luggage van; baggage car
пассажирский вагон — coach; passenger car
почтовый вагон — mail van; mail car
вагон, специально приспособленный для туристов — tourist car
вагон, не принадлежащий данной железной дороге — foreign car
Синонимический ряд:множество (сущ.) бездна; бездну; воз; куча; кучу; масса; массу; множество; пропасть; прорва; прорву; тьма; тьма тем; тьма-тьмущая; тьму; уймища; уймищу
См. также в других словарях:
Ballast tamper — A ballast tamper or tamping machine is a machine used to pack (or tamp) the track ballast under railway tracks to make the tracks more durable. Prior to the introduction of mechanical tampers, this task was done by manual labour with the help of… … Wikipedia
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tamping pick — noun : a pick built with a wide flat head on one end for driving ballast under railroad ties … Useful english dictionary
Headlamp — Headlight redirects here. For other uses, see Headlight (disambiguation). High Beams redirects here. For the urban legend also known by that name, see Killer in the backseat. A motor scooter s front with an impractical number and variety of… … Wikipedia
Glossary of rail terminology — Rail transport Operations Track Maintenance High speed Gauge Stations … Wikipedia
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Romney, Hythe and Dymchurch Railway — Romney, Hythe Dymchurch Railway Northern Chief at New Romney Overview Type Light railway Locale Ken … Wikipedia
railroad — /rayl rohd /, n. 1. a permanent road laid with rails, commonly in one or more pairs of continuous lines forming a track or tracks, on which locomotives and cars are run for the transportation of passengers, freight, and mail. 2. an entire system… … Universalium
Ship — A ship IPA|/ʃɪp/ audio|en us ship.ogg|Audio (US) is a large vessel that floats on water. Ships are generally distinguished from boats based on size. Ships may be found on lakes, seas, and rivers and they allow for a variety of activities, such as … Wikipedia
Northern Counties Committee — The Northern Counties Committee (NCC) was a railway that served the north east of Ireland. It was built to Irish gauge (1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in)) but later acquired a number of 914 mm (3 ft) narrow gauge… … Wikipedia
